Common Nutritional Concerns for Children in Australia

In Australia, around one in ten children has a food allergy[iii], while up to one in four people has a food intolerance[iv]. Unless managed well, eating a restricted diet to manage food allergies or intolerances can lead to nutrient deficiencies. For example, avoiding dairy to manage lactose intolerance could lead to a lack of calcium – an essential nutrient for strong bones and healthy teeth.

The Australian Dietary Guidelines advise that people of all ages, including children, limit eating foods that contain saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol[v]. These are known as ‘discretionary’ foods. They include processed foods and treat foods like chips, lollies, cakes, chocolates, biscuits and many common take-away foods, such as burgers, pizzas and deep-fried foods. They also include sports drinks, fruit juice, cordial and soft drinks.

These foods and drinks are low in nutrients and can contribute to poor health, tooth decay and excess weight gain. They should only be eaten on special occasions and in limited amounts. However, many Australian children are eating them regularly[vi].

Older children and adolescents sometimes choose to follow specific or fad diets or restrict some food groups. This may lead to nutrient deficiencies that adversely impact growth and development. For example, an adolescent who opts for a vegan diet is at risk of iron and calcium deficiency. Without input from a dietary professional, following such a diet could impact their health, energy levels, and physical and cognitive development.

Children who are above or below a healthy weight for their age can be deficient in various nutrients because their diet is lacking in healthy foods. Good nutrition can help children stay within a healthy weight range as they grow. This can help them have better health now and in adulthood, and also lower their risk of many health conditions.

Based on this assessment, your dietitian will develop an individualised meal plan that considers your child’s health, age, dietary requirements, sensory sensitivities, and any existing deficiencies. These plans help ensure children get the necessary nutrients while accommodating their preferences and challenges.

If your child has any nutrient deficiencies, your dietitian may recommend appropriate supplementation. For instance, if your child is deficient in iron, your dietitian may suggest iron-rich foods and supplements to address the deficiency and prevent related health issues.

Children with disability often experience sensory issues that affect their food choices. Dietitians employ creative strategies to modify the texture, taste, and presentation of foods to align with the child’s sensory preferences, while still providing the necessary nutrients.

They might also provide practical training for your child and family to build capacity for choosing and preparing healthy foods. For example, they might teach you how to read food labels, or to cook using healthier techniques such as steaming or grilling.